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The Languages of China are the languages that are spoken by China's 56 recognized ethnic groups. The predominant language in China, which is divided into seven major dialect groups, is known as ''Hanyu'' (). and its study is considered a distinct academic discipline in China. ''Hanyu'', or Han language, spans eight primary dialect groups, that differ from each other morphologically and phonetically to such a degree that dialects from different regions can often be mutually unintelligible. The languages most studied and supported by the state include Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur and Zhuang. China has 292 living languages according to Ethnologue.〔(Languages of China ) – from Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International.〕 Standard Chinese (known in China as ''Putonghua''), a form of Mandarin Chinese, is the official national spoken language for the mainland and serves as a lingua franca within the Mandarin-speaking regions (and, to a lesser extent, across the other regions of mainland China). Several other autonomous regions have additional official languages. Language laws of China do not apply to either Hong Kong or Macau and hence have different official languages (Cantonese, English and Portuguese) than the mainland. For example, Tibetan has official status within the Tibet Autonomous Region and Mongolian has official status within Inner Mongolia. ==Spoken languages== The spoken languages of nationalities that are a part of the People's Republic of China belong to at least nine families: *The Sino-Tibetan family: 19 official ethnicities (including the Han and Tibetans) *The Tai–Kadai family: several languages spoken by the Zhuang, the Bouyei, the Dai, the Dong, and the Hlai (Li people). 9 official ethnicities. *The Hmong–Mien family: 3 official ethnicities *The Austroasiatic family: 4 official ethnicities (the De'ang, Blang, Gin (Vietnamese), and Wa) *The Turkic family: Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Salars, etc. 7 official ethnicities.〔Western Yugur is a Turkic language, whereas is Eastern Yugur a Mongolic language.〕 *The Mongolic family: Mongols, Dongxiang, and related groups. 6 official ethnicities.〔 *The Tungusic family: Manchus (formerly), Hezhe, etc. 5 official ethnicities. *The Korean language *The Indo-European family: 2 official ethnicities (the Russians and Tajiks (actually Pamiri people). There is also a heavily Persian-influenced Äynu language spoken by the Äynu people in southwestern Xinjiang who are officially considered Uyghurs. *The Austronesian family: 1 official ethnicity (the Gaoshan, who speak many languages of the Formosan branch), 1 unofficial (the Utsuls, who speak the Tsat language but are considered Hui.) Below are lists of ethnic groups in China by linguistic classification. Ethnicities not on the official PRC list of 56 ethnic groups are italicized. Respective Pinyin transliterations and simplified Chinese characters are also given. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Languages of China」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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